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rabbit polyclonal anti egfl7  (Bioss)


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    Bioss rabbit polyclonal anti egfl7
    <t>EGFL7</t> immunostaining in HC and dcSSc skin. ( A , D ) In HC skin, strong EGFL7 expression was detected in ECs and pericytes of vessels (black arrows), in fibroblasts of papillary and reticular dermis (black open arrows), and cells of the basal layer of the epidermis and keratinocytes. ( B , E ) In EOS dcSSc skin, strong EGFL7 expression was detected in ECs and pericytes of vessels (black arrows), in fibroblasts of papillary and reticular dermis and epidermal (black open arrows), cells of the basal layer of the epidermis and keratinocytes as in the HC skin. ECs of the most vessels were strong immunostained for EGFL7. However, ECs of a few vessels displayed a weaker immunostaining intensity for EGFL7 (blu arrows). Inset shows EGFL7 positive fibroblast ( C and F ) In LSS dcSSc skin, the remaining microvessels displayed a weak (or absent) immunostaining for EGFL7. Furthermore, fibroblasts of papillary and reticular dermis and cells of the basal layer of the epidermis and keratinocytes displayed a weak (or absent) immunostaining for EGFL7. Inset shows EGFL7 weak positive fibroblast. Semiquantitative scoring was performed independently by 2 blinded observers, based on the observation of immunostained skin sections. Scores are defined as follows: +++ intense staining; +++/− intense staining but not homogeneous positive staining; ++ moderate staining; + weak staining; +/− weak staining but not homogeneous positive staining.
    Rabbit Polyclonal Anti Egfl7, supplied by Bioss, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 90/100, based on 2 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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    Images

    1) Product Images from "Epidermal Growth Factor Like-domain 7 and miR-126 are abnormally expressed in diffuse Systemic Sclerosis fibroblasts"

    Article Title: Epidermal Growth Factor Like-domain 7 and miR-126 are abnormally expressed in diffuse Systemic Sclerosis fibroblasts

    Journal: Scientific Reports

    doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-39485-8

    EGFL7 immunostaining in HC and dcSSc skin. ( A , D ) In HC skin, strong EGFL7 expression was detected in ECs and pericytes of vessels (black arrows), in fibroblasts of papillary and reticular dermis (black open arrows), and cells of the basal layer of the epidermis and keratinocytes. ( B , E ) In EOS dcSSc skin, strong EGFL7 expression was detected in ECs and pericytes of vessels (black arrows), in fibroblasts of papillary and reticular dermis and epidermal (black open arrows), cells of the basal layer of the epidermis and keratinocytes as in the HC skin. ECs of the most vessels were strong immunostained for EGFL7. However, ECs of a few vessels displayed a weaker immunostaining intensity for EGFL7 (blu arrows). Inset shows EGFL7 positive fibroblast ( C and F ) In LSS dcSSc skin, the remaining microvessels displayed a weak (or absent) immunostaining for EGFL7. Furthermore, fibroblasts of papillary and reticular dermis and cells of the basal layer of the epidermis and keratinocytes displayed a weak (or absent) immunostaining for EGFL7. Inset shows EGFL7 weak positive fibroblast. Semiquantitative scoring was performed independently by 2 blinded observers, based on the observation of immunostained skin sections. Scores are defined as follows: +++ intense staining; +++/− intense staining but not homogeneous positive staining; ++ moderate staining; + weak staining; +/− weak staining but not homogeneous positive staining.
    Figure Legend Snippet: EGFL7 immunostaining in HC and dcSSc skin. ( A , D ) In HC skin, strong EGFL7 expression was detected in ECs and pericytes of vessels (black arrows), in fibroblasts of papillary and reticular dermis (black open arrows), and cells of the basal layer of the epidermis and keratinocytes. ( B , E ) In EOS dcSSc skin, strong EGFL7 expression was detected in ECs and pericytes of vessels (black arrows), in fibroblasts of papillary and reticular dermis and epidermal (black open arrows), cells of the basal layer of the epidermis and keratinocytes as in the HC skin. ECs of the most vessels were strong immunostained for EGFL7. However, ECs of a few vessels displayed a weaker immunostaining intensity for EGFL7 (blu arrows). Inset shows EGFL7 positive fibroblast ( C and F ) In LSS dcSSc skin, the remaining microvessels displayed a weak (or absent) immunostaining for EGFL7. Furthermore, fibroblasts of papillary and reticular dermis and cells of the basal layer of the epidermis and keratinocytes displayed a weak (or absent) immunostaining for EGFL7. Inset shows EGFL7 weak positive fibroblast. Semiquantitative scoring was performed independently by 2 blinded observers, based on the observation of immunostained skin sections. Scores are defined as follows: +++ intense staining; +++/− intense staining but not homogeneous positive staining; ++ moderate staining; + weak staining; +/− weak staining but not homogeneous positive staining.

    Techniques Used: Immunostaining, Expressing, Staining

    Abnormal expression of EGFL7 mRNA and protein levels in FBs of SSc patients ( A–C ). FBs isolated from the skin of EOS SSc patients, express a statistically significant higher levels of EGFL7 mRNA, when compared to HC and LSS SSc-FBs ( *** p = 0.0001). The experiments were performed in triplicate for each patient and HC. Bars represent mean values ± SEM (N = 10 for each group) ( A ). 18 s gene served as the control. WB analysis of EGFL7 ( B ). These results confirm at protein level the results of qRT-PCR analysis. Blots were stripped using Re-Blot Plus Western Blot recycling kit (Chemicon International, USA) and re-probed with anti-mouse IgG β-actin antibody (Sigma-Aldrich, USA) to confirm similar loading of the gels and efficiency in electrophoretic transfer. The experiments were performed in triplicate for each patient and HC. Full length blot is represented in Supplementary Fig. . Immunoreactive bands were acquired by chemidoc (ImageLab). Densitometric analysis of the bands was performed using ImageJ software (NIH; online at http://rsbweb.nih.gov/ij ) ( C ). IF on cultured FBs at 60% of confluence. Negative controls were obtained by omitting the primary antibody.
    Figure Legend Snippet: Abnormal expression of EGFL7 mRNA and protein levels in FBs of SSc patients ( A–C ). FBs isolated from the skin of EOS SSc patients, express a statistically significant higher levels of EGFL7 mRNA, when compared to HC and LSS SSc-FBs ( *** p = 0.0001). The experiments were performed in triplicate for each patient and HC. Bars represent mean values ± SEM (N = 10 for each group) ( A ). 18 s gene served as the control. WB analysis of EGFL7 ( B ). These results confirm at protein level the results of qRT-PCR analysis. Blots were stripped using Re-Blot Plus Western Blot recycling kit (Chemicon International, USA) and re-probed with anti-mouse IgG β-actin antibody (Sigma-Aldrich, USA) to confirm similar loading of the gels and efficiency in electrophoretic transfer. The experiments were performed in triplicate for each patient and HC. Full length blot is represented in Supplementary Fig. . Immunoreactive bands were acquired by chemidoc (ImageLab). Densitometric analysis of the bands was performed using ImageJ software (NIH; online at http://rsbweb.nih.gov/ij ) ( C ). IF on cultured FBs at 60% of confluence. Negative controls were obtained by omitting the primary antibody.

    Techniques Used: Expressing, Isolation, Quantitative RT-PCR, Western Blot, Software, Cell Culture

    EGFL7 is inducible by TGF-β on HC-FBs and decreases the expression of COL1A1 ( A–G ). The experiments were performed in triplicate. Bars represent mean values ± SEM before and after stimulation with 10 ng/ml of TGF-β for 48 hrs. The absence of rh proteins from the medium of stimulation was considered as a negative control. HC-FBs, after stimulation by TGF-β, expressed significantly higher levels of EGFL7 RNA, when compared to untreated HC-FBs ( *** p < 0.0001). On the contrary, TGF-β treated EOS SSc-FBs did not show any difference in the EGFL7-RNA levels, when compared to the untreated EOS SSc-FBs. No effect was observed, on the EGFL7 RNA levels for the TGF-β treated and untreated LSS SSc-FBs ( A ). The levels of TGF-β in untreated HC-FBs were set to 100% and all the results were normalized to this value. After EGFL7 stimulation, we observed a dose-related fashion decrease of the expression of COL1A1 ( * p = 0.018; *** p = 0.0001 for RNA levels), both in RNA and protein levels, in SSc-FBs. On the contrary, when HC-FBs were treated with the same rhEGFL7 concentrations, the expression of COL1A1 protein did not change at any concentration of EGFL7 stimulation ( B,C ). Full length blot is represented in Supplementary Fig. . Densitometric analysis of the bands was performed using ImageJ software (NIH; online at http://rsbweb.nih.gov/ij ) ( D ).
    Figure Legend Snippet: EGFL7 is inducible by TGF-β on HC-FBs and decreases the expression of COL1A1 ( A–G ). The experiments were performed in triplicate. Bars represent mean values ± SEM before and after stimulation with 10 ng/ml of TGF-β for 48 hrs. The absence of rh proteins from the medium of stimulation was considered as a negative control. HC-FBs, after stimulation by TGF-β, expressed significantly higher levels of EGFL7 RNA, when compared to untreated HC-FBs ( *** p < 0.0001). On the contrary, TGF-β treated EOS SSc-FBs did not show any difference in the EGFL7-RNA levels, when compared to the untreated EOS SSc-FBs. No effect was observed, on the EGFL7 RNA levels for the TGF-β treated and untreated LSS SSc-FBs ( A ). The levels of TGF-β in untreated HC-FBs were set to 100% and all the results were normalized to this value. After EGFL7 stimulation, we observed a dose-related fashion decrease of the expression of COL1A1 ( * p = 0.018; *** p = 0.0001 for RNA levels), both in RNA and protein levels, in SSc-FBs. On the contrary, when HC-FBs were treated with the same rhEGFL7 concentrations, the expression of COL1A1 protein did not change at any concentration of EGFL7 stimulation ( B,C ). Full length blot is represented in Supplementary Fig. . Densitometric analysis of the bands was performed using ImageJ software (NIH; online at http://rsbweb.nih.gov/ij ) ( D ).

    Techniques Used: Expressing, Negative Control, Concentration Assay, Software

    EGFL7 knockdown in HC- and SSc-FBs up-regulates Col1A1 expression after TGF-β stimulation. SSc-FBs were transfected with specific EGFL7-siRNA (siRNA) or non-targeting siRNA (scr), and EGFL7 mRNA expression was evaluated by qRT-PCR analysis. The cells transfected with EGFL7-siRNA showed a decreased expression of EGFL7 mRNA levels when compared with cells transfected with scr siRNA ( A ). After TGF-β stimulation, the silenced cells show an overexpression of COL1A1, suggesting the anti-fibrotic role of EGFL7, confirming the effects observed in Fig. . Each experimental condition was performed in triplicate. Bars represent mean values ± SEM.
    Figure Legend Snippet: EGFL7 knockdown in HC- and SSc-FBs up-regulates Col1A1 expression after TGF-β stimulation. SSc-FBs were transfected with specific EGFL7-siRNA (siRNA) or non-targeting siRNA (scr), and EGFL7 mRNA expression was evaluated by qRT-PCR analysis. The cells transfected with EGFL7-siRNA showed a decreased expression of EGFL7 mRNA levels when compared with cells transfected with scr siRNA ( A ). After TGF-β stimulation, the silenced cells show an overexpression of COL1A1, suggesting the anti-fibrotic role of EGFL7, confirming the effects observed in Fig. . Each experimental condition was performed in triplicate. Bars represent mean values ± SEM.

    Techniques Used: Expressing, Transfection, Quantitative RT-PCR, Over Expression

    EGFL7 promotes migration and invasion but not proliferation of EOS dcSSc-FBs. At basal state EOS SSc-FBs, expressed a significantly lower ki67 transcript, when compared to that of HC. EGFL7 did not modulates the proliferation of treated HC- and EOS-FBs ( A ). Furthermore, we assessed the migratory ability and invasion of our cells and we found that HC- and EOS dcSSc-FBs migration and invasion were significantly induced by EGFL7 in a concentration dependent-manner (1–100 ng/ml) (p = 0.013 and p = 0.0044 and p = 0.0020) ( B ). All assays were independently performed in triplicate and repeated at least thrice. Bars represent mean values ± SEM. Representative photomicrographs show SSc-FBs migration at basal state ( C ), following stimulation with EGFL7 1 ng/ml ( D ) and EGFL7 100 ng/ml ( E ). Original magnification X20.
    Figure Legend Snippet: EGFL7 promotes migration and invasion but not proliferation of EOS dcSSc-FBs. At basal state EOS SSc-FBs, expressed a significantly lower ki67 transcript, when compared to that of HC. EGFL7 did not modulates the proliferation of treated HC- and EOS-FBs ( A ). Furthermore, we assessed the migratory ability and invasion of our cells and we found that HC- and EOS dcSSc-FBs migration and invasion were significantly induced by EGFL7 in a concentration dependent-manner (1–100 ng/ml) (p = 0.013 and p = 0.0044 and p = 0.0020) ( B ). All assays were independently performed in triplicate and repeated at least thrice. Bars represent mean values ± SEM. Representative photomicrographs show SSc-FBs migration at basal state ( C ), following stimulation with EGFL7 1 ng/ml ( D ) and EGFL7 100 ng/ml ( E ). Original magnification X20.

    Techniques Used: Migration, Concentration Assay

    SSc-FBs are responsible for impaired angiogenesis in an organotypic co-culture assay system in vitro but EGFL7 restores angiogenesis. Angiogenesis was not affected when primary HC-FBs were co-cultured with HUVECS ( A ). Interestingly, when primary SSc-FBs were co-cultured with HUVECs, angiogenesis was impaired when compared with the tubule formation obtained from co-cultured HC-FBs with HUVECs ( B–C ). EGFL7 increases the tubule formation when added to the cultured medium (100 ng/ml) thus adding EGFL7 to the list of the pro-angiogenic molecules that rescue angiogenesis defects in SSc patients ( E–G ). VEGF (25 ng/ml) was used as positive control ( F–K ). Representative microscopic fields at 4X magnification from triplicate wells. Vascular junction and tubule number and total tubule length were analysed by Angiosys System (TCS CellWorks, USA) ( D – H – L ). Bars represent mean values ± SEM (measurment of 12 microscopic fields from triplicate wells). Statistical analysis was performed by unpaired and paired t test, two tailed. * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.001; *** p < 0.0001.
    Figure Legend Snippet: SSc-FBs are responsible for impaired angiogenesis in an organotypic co-culture assay system in vitro but EGFL7 restores angiogenesis. Angiogenesis was not affected when primary HC-FBs were co-cultured with HUVECS ( A ). Interestingly, when primary SSc-FBs were co-cultured with HUVECs, angiogenesis was impaired when compared with the tubule formation obtained from co-cultured HC-FBs with HUVECs ( B–C ). EGFL7 increases the tubule formation when added to the cultured medium (100 ng/ml) thus adding EGFL7 to the list of the pro-angiogenic molecules that rescue angiogenesis defects in SSc patients ( E–G ). VEGF (25 ng/ml) was used as positive control ( F–K ). Representative microscopic fields at 4X magnification from triplicate wells. Vascular junction and tubule number and total tubule length were analysed by Angiosys System (TCS CellWorks, USA) ( D – H – L ). Bars represent mean values ± SEM (measurment of 12 microscopic fields from triplicate wells). Statistical analysis was performed by unpaired and paired t test, two tailed. * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.001; *** p < 0.0001.

    Techniques Used: Co-culture Assay, In Vitro, Cell Culture, Positive Control, Two Tailed Test



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    mRNA expression levels of (A) <t>EGFL7,</t> (B) Bcl-2 and (C) Bax were measured using the 2 −ΔΔCq method. Values are presented as the means ± standard deviation (n=8). *P<0.05 vs. time-matched hyperoxia group; **P<0.01 vs. time-matched hyperoxia group. # P<0.01 vs. control group. EGFL7, epidermal growth factor-like domain 7; Bcl-2, B-cell lymphoma 2; Bax, bcl-2-like protein 4; BPD, bronchopulmonary dysplasia.
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    mRNA expression levels of (A) <t>EGFL7,</t> (B) Bcl-2 and (C) Bax were measured using the 2 −ΔΔCq method. Values are presented as the means ± standard deviation (n=8). *P<0.05 vs. time-matched hyperoxia group; **P<0.01 vs. time-matched hyperoxia group. # P<0.01 vs. control group. EGFL7, epidermal growth factor-like domain 7; Bcl-2, B-cell lymphoma 2; Bax, bcl-2-like protein 4; BPD, bronchopulmonary dysplasia.
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    EGFL7 immunostaining in HC and dcSSc skin. ( A , D ) In HC skin, strong EGFL7 expression was detected in ECs and pericytes of vessels (black arrows), in fibroblasts of papillary and reticular dermis (black open arrows), and cells of the basal layer of the epidermis and keratinocytes. ( B , E ) In EOS dcSSc skin, strong EGFL7 expression was detected in ECs and pericytes of vessels (black arrows), in fibroblasts of papillary and reticular dermis and epidermal (black open arrows), cells of the basal layer of the epidermis and keratinocytes as in the HC skin. ECs of the most vessels were strong immunostained for EGFL7. However, ECs of a few vessels displayed a weaker immunostaining intensity for EGFL7 (blu arrows). Inset shows EGFL7 positive fibroblast ( C and F ) In LSS dcSSc skin, the remaining microvessels displayed a weak (or absent) immunostaining for EGFL7. Furthermore, fibroblasts of papillary and reticular dermis and cells of the basal layer of the epidermis and keratinocytes displayed a weak (or absent) immunostaining for EGFL7. Inset shows EGFL7 weak positive fibroblast. Semiquantitative scoring was performed independently by 2 blinded observers, based on the observation of immunostained skin sections. Scores are defined as follows: +++ intense staining; +++/− intense staining but not homogeneous positive staining; ++ moderate staining; + weak staining; +/− weak staining but not homogeneous positive staining.

    Journal: Scientific Reports

    Article Title: Epidermal Growth Factor Like-domain 7 and miR-126 are abnormally expressed in diffuse Systemic Sclerosis fibroblasts

    doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-39485-8

    Figure Lengend Snippet: EGFL7 immunostaining in HC and dcSSc skin. ( A , D ) In HC skin, strong EGFL7 expression was detected in ECs and pericytes of vessels (black arrows), in fibroblasts of papillary and reticular dermis (black open arrows), and cells of the basal layer of the epidermis and keratinocytes. ( B , E ) In EOS dcSSc skin, strong EGFL7 expression was detected in ECs and pericytes of vessels (black arrows), in fibroblasts of papillary and reticular dermis and epidermal (black open arrows), cells of the basal layer of the epidermis and keratinocytes as in the HC skin. ECs of the most vessels were strong immunostained for EGFL7. However, ECs of a few vessels displayed a weaker immunostaining intensity for EGFL7 (blu arrows). Inset shows EGFL7 positive fibroblast ( C and F ) In LSS dcSSc skin, the remaining microvessels displayed a weak (or absent) immunostaining for EGFL7. Furthermore, fibroblasts of papillary and reticular dermis and cells of the basal layer of the epidermis and keratinocytes displayed a weak (or absent) immunostaining for EGFL7. Inset shows EGFL7 weak positive fibroblast. Semiquantitative scoring was performed independently by 2 blinded observers, based on the observation of immunostained skin sections. Scores are defined as follows: +++ intense staining; +++/− intense staining but not homogeneous positive staining; ++ moderate staining; + weak staining; +/− weak staining but not homogeneous positive staining.

    Article Snippet: Non specific antibody binding was blocked with 10% casein in PBS for 20 min. All cells were incubated for 1 hr with a rabbit polyclonal anti-EGFL7 (Bioss) and mouse monoclonal α-SMA antibody (abcam).

    Techniques: Immunostaining, Expressing, Staining

    Abnormal expression of EGFL7 mRNA and protein levels in FBs of SSc patients ( A–C ). FBs isolated from the skin of EOS SSc patients, express a statistically significant higher levels of EGFL7 mRNA, when compared to HC and LSS SSc-FBs ( *** p = 0.0001). The experiments were performed in triplicate for each patient and HC. Bars represent mean values ± SEM (N = 10 for each group) ( A ). 18 s gene served as the control. WB analysis of EGFL7 ( B ). These results confirm at protein level the results of qRT-PCR analysis. Blots were stripped using Re-Blot Plus Western Blot recycling kit (Chemicon International, USA) and re-probed with anti-mouse IgG β-actin antibody (Sigma-Aldrich, USA) to confirm similar loading of the gels and efficiency in electrophoretic transfer. The experiments were performed in triplicate for each patient and HC. Full length blot is represented in Supplementary Fig. . Immunoreactive bands were acquired by chemidoc (ImageLab). Densitometric analysis of the bands was performed using ImageJ software (NIH; online at http://rsbweb.nih.gov/ij ) ( C ). IF on cultured FBs at 60% of confluence. Negative controls were obtained by omitting the primary antibody.

    Journal: Scientific Reports

    Article Title: Epidermal Growth Factor Like-domain 7 and miR-126 are abnormally expressed in diffuse Systemic Sclerosis fibroblasts

    doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-39485-8

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Abnormal expression of EGFL7 mRNA and protein levels in FBs of SSc patients ( A–C ). FBs isolated from the skin of EOS SSc patients, express a statistically significant higher levels of EGFL7 mRNA, when compared to HC and LSS SSc-FBs ( *** p = 0.0001). The experiments were performed in triplicate for each patient and HC. Bars represent mean values ± SEM (N = 10 for each group) ( A ). 18 s gene served as the control. WB analysis of EGFL7 ( B ). These results confirm at protein level the results of qRT-PCR analysis. Blots were stripped using Re-Blot Plus Western Blot recycling kit (Chemicon International, USA) and re-probed with anti-mouse IgG β-actin antibody (Sigma-Aldrich, USA) to confirm similar loading of the gels and efficiency in electrophoretic transfer. The experiments were performed in triplicate for each patient and HC. Full length blot is represented in Supplementary Fig. . Immunoreactive bands were acquired by chemidoc (ImageLab). Densitometric analysis of the bands was performed using ImageJ software (NIH; online at http://rsbweb.nih.gov/ij ) ( C ). IF on cultured FBs at 60% of confluence. Negative controls were obtained by omitting the primary antibody.

    Article Snippet: Non specific antibody binding was blocked with 10% casein in PBS for 20 min. All cells were incubated for 1 hr with a rabbit polyclonal anti-EGFL7 (Bioss) and mouse monoclonal α-SMA antibody (abcam).

    Techniques: Expressing, Isolation, Quantitative RT-PCR, Western Blot, Software, Cell Culture

    EGFL7 is inducible by TGF-β on HC-FBs and decreases the expression of COL1A1 ( A–G ). The experiments were performed in triplicate. Bars represent mean values ± SEM before and after stimulation with 10 ng/ml of TGF-β for 48 hrs. The absence of rh proteins from the medium of stimulation was considered as a negative control. HC-FBs, after stimulation by TGF-β, expressed significantly higher levels of EGFL7 RNA, when compared to untreated HC-FBs ( *** p < 0.0001). On the contrary, TGF-β treated EOS SSc-FBs did not show any difference in the EGFL7-RNA levels, when compared to the untreated EOS SSc-FBs. No effect was observed, on the EGFL7 RNA levels for the TGF-β treated and untreated LSS SSc-FBs ( A ). The levels of TGF-β in untreated HC-FBs were set to 100% and all the results were normalized to this value. After EGFL7 stimulation, we observed a dose-related fashion decrease of the expression of COL1A1 ( * p = 0.018; *** p = 0.0001 for RNA levels), both in RNA and protein levels, in SSc-FBs. On the contrary, when HC-FBs were treated with the same rhEGFL7 concentrations, the expression of COL1A1 protein did not change at any concentration of EGFL7 stimulation ( B,C ). Full length blot is represented in Supplementary Fig. . Densitometric analysis of the bands was performed using ImageJ software (NIH; online at http://rsbweb.nih.gov/ij ) ( D ).

    Journal: Scientific Reports

    Article Title: Epidermal Growth Factor Like-domain 7 and miR-126 are abnormally expressed in diffuse Systemic Sclerosis fibroblasts

    doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-39485-8

    Figure Lengend Snippet: EGFL7 is inducible by TGF-β on HC-FBs and decreases the expression of COL1A1 ( A–G ). The experiments were performed in triplicate. Bars represent mean values ± SEM before and after stimulation with 10 ng/ml of TGF-β for 48 hrs. The absence of rh proteins from the medium of stimulation was considered as a negative control. HC-FBs, after stimulation by TGF-β, expressed significantly higher levels of EGFL7 RNA, when compared to untreated HC-FBs ( *** p < 0.0001). On the contrary, TGF-β treated EOS SSc-FBs did not show any difference in the EGFL7-RNA levels, when compared to the untreated EOS SSc-FBs. No effect was observed, on the EGFL7 RNA levels for the TGF-β treated and untreated LSS SSc-FBs ( A ). The levels of TGF-β in untreated HC-FBs were set to 100% and all the results were normalized to this value. After EGFL7 stimulation, we observed a dose-related fashion decrease of the expression of COL1A1 ( * p = 0.018; *** p = 0.0001 for RNA levels), both in RNA and protein levels, in SSc-FBs. On the contrary, when HC-FBs were treated with the same rhEGFL7 concentrations, the expression of COL1A1 protein did not change at any concentration of EGFL7 stimulation ( B,C ). Full length blot is represented in Supplementary Fig. . Densitometric analysis of the bands was performed using ImageJ software (NIH; online at http://rsbweb.nih.gov/ij ) ( D ).

    Article Snippet: Non specific antibody binding was blocked with 10% casein in PBS for 20 min. All cells were incubated for 1 hr with a rabbit polyclonal anti-EGFL7 (Bioss) and mouse monoclonal α-SMA antibody (abcam).

    Techniques: Expressing, Negative Control, Concentration Assay, Software

    EGFL7 knockdown in HC- and SSc-FBs up-regulates Col1A1 expression after TGF-β stimulation. SSc-FBs were transfected with specific EGFL7-siRNA (siRNA) or non-targeting siRNA (scr), and EGFL7 mRNA expression was evaluated by qRT-PCR analysis. The cells transfected with EGFL7-siRNA showed a decreased expression of EGFL7 mRNA levels when compared with cells transfected with scr siRNA ( A ). After TGF-β stimulation, the silenced cells show an overexpression of COL1A1, suggesting the anti-fibrotic role of EGFL7, confirming the effects observed in Fig. . Each experimental condition was performed in triplicate. Bars represent mean values ± SEM.

    Journal: Scientific Reports

    Article Title: Epidermal Growth Factor Like-domain 7 and miR-126 are abnormally expressed in diffuse Systemic Sclerosis fibroblasts

    doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-39485-8

    Figure Lengend Snippet: EGFL7 knockdown in HC- and SSc-FBs up-regulates Col1A1 expression after TGF-β stimulation. SSc-FBs were transfected with specific EGFL7-siRNA (siRNA) or non-targeting siRNA (scr), and EGFL7 mRNA expression was evaluated by qRT-PCR analysis. The cells transfected with EGFL7-siRNA showed a decreased expression of EGFL7 mRNA levels when compared with cells transfected with scr siRNA ( A ). After TGF-β stimulation, the silenced cells show an overexpression of COL1A1, suggesting the anti-fibrotic role of EGFL7, confirming the effects observed in Fig. . Each experimental condition was performed in triplicate. Bars represent mean values ± SEM.

    Article Snippet: Non specific antibody binding was blocked with 10% casein in PBS for 20 min. All cells were incubated for 1 hr with a rabbit polyclonal anti-EGFL7 (Bioss) and mouse monoclonal α-SMA antibody (abcam).

    Techniques: Expressing, Transfection, Quantitative RT-PCR, Over Expression

    EGFL7 promotes migration and invasion but not proliferation of EOS dcSSc-FBs. At basal state EOS SSc-FBs, expressed a significantly lower ki67 transcript, when compared to that of HC. EGFL7 did not modulates the proliferation of treated HC- and EOS-FBs ( A ). Furthermore, we assessed the migratory ability and invasion of our cells and we found that HC- and EOS dcSSc-FBs migration and invasion were significantly induced by EGFL7 in a concentration dependent-manner (1–100 ng/ml) (p = 0.013 and p = 0.0044 and p = 0.0020) ( B ). All assays were independently performed in triplicate and repeated at least thrice. Bars represent mean values ± SEM. Representative photomicrographs show SSc-FBs migration at basal state ( C ), following stimulation with EGFL7 1 ng/ml ( D ) and EGFL7 100 ng/ml ( E ). Original magnification X20.

    Journal: Scientific Reports

    Article Title: Epidermal Growth Factor Like-domain 7 and miR-126 are abnormally expressed in diffuse Systemic Sclerosis fibroblasts

    doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-39485-8

    Figure Lengend Snippet: EGFL7 promotes migration and invasion but not proliferation of EOS dcSSc-FBs. At basal state EOS SSc-FBs, expressed a significantly lower ki67 transcript, when compared to that of HC. EGFL7 did not modulates the proliferation of treated HC- and EOS-FBs ( A ). Furthermore, we assessed the migratory ability and invasion of our cells and we found that HC- and EOS dcSSc-FBs migration and invasion were significantly induced by EGFL7 in a concentration dependent-manner (1–100 ng/ml) (p = 0.013 and p = 0.0044 and p = 0.0020) ( B ). All assays were independently performed in triplicate and repeated at least thrice. Bars represent mean values ± SEM. Representative photomicrographs show SSc-FBs migration at basal state ( C ), following stimulation with EGFL7 1 ng/ml ( D ) and EGFL7 100 ng/ml ( E ). Original magnification X20.

    Article Snippet: Non specific antibody binding was blocked with 10% casein in PBS for 20 min. All cells were incubated for 1 hr with a rabbit polyclonal anti-EGFL7 (Bioss) and mouse monoclonal α-SMA antibody (abcam).

    Techniques: Migration, Concentration Assay

    SSc-FBs are responsible for impaired angiogenesis in an organotypic co-culture assay system in vitro but EGFL7 restores angiogenesis. Angiogenesis was not affected when primary HC-FBs were co-cultured with HUVECS ( A ). Interestingly, when primary SSc-FBs were co-cultured with HUVECs, angiogenesis was impaired when compared with the tubule formation obtained from co-cultured HC-FBs with HUVECs ( B–C ). EGFL7 increases the tubule formation when added to the cultured medium (100 ng/ml) thus adding EGFL7 to the list of the pro-angiogenic molecules that rescue angiogenesis defects in SSc patients ( E–G ). VEGF (25 ng/ml) was used as positive control ( F–K ). Representative microscopic fields at 4X magnification from triplicate wells. Vascular junction and tubule number and total tubule length were analysed by Angiosys System (TCS CellWorks, USA) ( D – H – L ). Bars represent mean values ± SEM (measurment of 12 microscopic fields from triplicate wells). Statistical analysis was performed by unpaired and paired t test, two tailed. * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.001; *** p < 0.0001.

    Journal: Scientific Reports

    Article Title: Epidermal Growth Factor Like-domain 7 and miR-126 are abnormally expressed in diffuse Systemic Sclerosis fibroblasts

    doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-39485-8

    Figure Lengend Snippet: SSc-FBs are responsible for impaired angiogenesis in an organotypic co-culture assay system in vitro but EGFL7 restores angiogenesis. Angiogenesis was not affected when primary HC-FBs were co-cultured with HUVECS ( A ). Interestingly, when primary SSc-FBs were co-cultured with HUVECs, angiogenesis was impaired when compared with the tubule formation obtained from co-cultured HC-FBs with HUVECs ( B–C ). EGFL7 increases the tubule formation when added to the cultured medium (100 ng/ml) thus adding EGFL7 to the list of the pro-angiogenic molecules that rescue angiogenesis defects in SSc patients ( E–G ). VEGF (25 ng/ml) was used as positive control ( F–K ). Representative microscopic fields at 4X magnification from triplicate wells. Vascular junction and tubule number and total tubule length were analysed by Angiosys System (TCS CellWorks, USA) ( D – H – L ). Bars represent mean values ± SEM (measurment of 12 microscopic fields from triplicate wells). Statistical analysis was performed by unpaired and paired t test, two tailed. * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.001; *** p < 0.0001.

    Article Snippet: Non specific antibody binding was blocked with 10% casein in PBS for 20 min. All cells were incubated for 1 hr with a rabbit polyclonal anti-EGFL7 (Bioss) and mouse monoclonal α-SMA antibody (abcam).

    Techniques: Co-culture Assay, In Vitro, Cell Culture, Positive Control, Two Tailed Test

    ( a ) Immunofluorescence staining revealed EGFL7 expression in granule cells and larger blood vessels of the human dentate gyrus as well as larger neurons of the hilus. Scale bars represent 50 μm or 10 µm (magnification). ( b ) Furthermore, EGFL7 was expressed in the dentate gyrus of mice as detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Scale bars represent 50 µm or 10 µm (magnification). ( c ) Cells of murine hippocampi were isolated by fluorescence-activated cell sorting using a combination of the following markers: GFAP + /CD133 + /EGFR - for quiescent neural stem cells (qNSCs), GFAP + /CD133 + /EGFR + for active NSCs (aNSC), GLAST - /CD133 - /EGFR + for neural progenitor cells (NPCs), CD24 + for neuroblasts (NBs), Thy-GFP1 + for neurons and CD31 + for endothelial cells (ECs). Expression of Egfl7 was measured by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction using two housekeeping genes and data was plotted as normalized to unsorted hippocampus tissue (HC). Data are presented as mean values with 95% confidence interval (CI). ( d ) EGFL7-specific FISH probes in combination with cell type-specific markers verified EGFL7-expression in aNSCs/NPCs (Stmn1; arrowheads) and neurons (NeuN; arrowheads). Scale bars represent 10 µm.

    Journal: bioRxiv

    Article Title: Less is more - loss of EGFL7 improves memory by upregulation of VEGF-D

    doi: 10.1101/2022.04.07.487327

    Figure Lengend Snippet: ( a ) Immunofluorescence staining revealed EGFL7 expression in granule cells and larger blood vessels of the human dentate gyrus as well as larger neurons of the hilus. Scale bars represent 50 μm or 10 µm (magnification). ( b ) Furthermore, EGFL7 was expressed in the dentate gyrus of mice as detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Scale bars represent 50 µm or 10 µm (magnification). ( c ) Cells of murine hippocampi were isolated by fluorescence-activated cell sorting using a combination of the following markers: GFAP + /CD133 + /EGFR - for quiescent neural stem cells (qNSCs), GFAP + /CD133 + /EGFR + for active NSCs (aNSC), GLAST - /CD133 - /EGFR + for neural progenitor cells (NPCs), CD24 + for neuroblasts (NBs), Thy-GFP1 + for neurons and CD31 + for endothelial cells (ECs). Expression of Egfl7 was measured by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction using two housekeeping genes and data was plotted as normalized to unsorted hippocampus tissue (HC). Data are presented as mean values with 95% confidence interval (CI). ( d ) EGFL7-specific FISH probes in combination with cell type-specific markers verified EGFL7-expression in aNSCs/NPCs (Stmn1; arrowheads) and neurons (NeuN; arrowheads). Scale bars represent 10 µm.

    Article Snippet: As primary antibody a polyclonal rabbit anti-human EGFL7 antibody (1:50, ReliaTech GmbH) was applied.

    Techniques: Immunofluorescence, Staining, Expressing, Fluorescence, In Situ Hybridization, Isolation, FACS, Reverse Transcription, Polymerase Chain Reaction

    ( a ) Representative images of neural stem and progenitor cells isolated from mouse hippocampus (HC) and cultured as spheres. Scale bars represent 25 µm. ( b ) Size of EGFL7 -/- neurospheres was increased (58.95 ± 11.24 µm (n = 5) versus 43.85 ± 2.25 µm in wild-type control (WT); n = 4; p = 0.0317). ( c ) Fluorescence-activated cell sorting revealed an increase in activated neural stem cells (aNSCs) in EGFL7 -/- mice (5.56 ± 1.65% versus 2.20 ± 0.53% in WT, n = 3; p = 0.0499) but about equal amounts of quiescent qNSCs. ( d ) Flow cytometry-based cell cycle analysis of EGFL7 -/- and WT neurospheres yielded an increased amount of cells in the G2/M phase in EGFL7 -/- mice (33.65 ± 6.10% versus 25.10 ± 2.03%; n = 3; p = 0.0286). ( e ) The paradigm used for cell cycle analysis in vivo . ( f ) Representative images of the dentate gyrus 1 h post administration of CldU. Quantification of cells yielded an increased amount of cells in S phase in EGFL7 -/- mice (11.00 ± 2.71 versus 5.25 ± 1.71 cells per section in WT; n = 4; p = 0.0571). ( g ) Representative images of the dentate gyrus 24 h post administration of IdU and double-stained for Ki67/IdU. Quantification revealed sustained proliferation in EGFL7 -/- mice (17.25 ± 2.06 versus 10.00 ± 2.45 cells per section in WT; n = 4; p = 0.0286). Scale bars represent 90 µm. Statistical analysis was performed by Mann–Whitney U -test. Data are represented as mean ± SEM; * p < 0.05.

    Journal: bioRxiv

    Article Title: Less is more - loss of EGFL7 improves memory by upregulation of VEGF-D

    doi: 10.1101/2022.04.07.487327

    Figure Lengend Snippet: ( a ) Representative images of neural stem and progenitor cells isolated from mouse hippocampus (HC) and cultured as spheres. Scale bars represent 25 µm. ( b ) Size of EGFL7 -/- neurospheres was increased (58.95 ± 11.24 µm (n = 5) versus 43.85 ± 2.25 µm in wild-type control (WT); n = 4; p = 0.0317). ( c ) Fluorescence-activated cell sorting revealed an increase in activated neural stem cells (aNSCs) in EGFL7 -/- mice (5.56 ± 1.65% versus 2.20 ± 0.53% in WT, n = 3; p = 0.0499) but about equal amounts of quiescent qNSCs. ( d ) Flow cytometry-based cell cycle analysis of EGFL7 -/- and WT neurospheres yielded an increased amount of cells in the G2/M phase in EGFL7 -/- mice (33.65 ± 6.10% versus 25.10 ± 2.03%; n = 3; p = 0.0286). ( e ) The paradigm used for cell cycle analysis in vivo . ( f ) Representative images of the dentate gyrus 1 h post administration of CldU. Quantification of cells yielded an increased amount of cells in S phase in EGFL7 -/- mice (11.00 ± 2.71 versus 5.25 ± 1.71 cells per section in WT; n = 4; p = 0.0571). ( g ) Representative images of the dentate gyrus 24 h post administration of IdU and double-stained for Ki67/IdU. Quantification revealed sustained proliferation in EGFL7 -/- mice (17.25 ± 2.06 versus 10.00 ± 2.45 cells per section in WT; n = 4; p = 0.0286). Scale bars represent 90 µm. Statistical analysis was performed by Mann–Whitney U -test. Data are represented as mean ± SEM; * p < 0.05.

    Article Snippet: As primary antibody a polyclonal rabbit anti-human EGFL7 antibody (1:50, ReliaTech GmbH) was applied.

    Techniques: Isolation, Cell Culture, Control, Fluorescence, FACS, Flow Cytometry, Cell Cycle Assay, In Vivo, Staining, MANN-WHITNEY

    ( a ) Markers used in immunofluorescence analyses (IF) to label specific cell types of neural stem cell (NSC) differentiation in the dentate gyrus (DG): GFAP/Nestin for NSCs (type 1), Stmn1 for activated aNSCs and neural precursor cells (NPCs, type 1, type 2), Mash1 for aNSCs/type 2a cells, DCX for type 2b/type 3 and immature neurons, NeuN for mature neurons and granule cells. ( b ) Experimental paradigms of applied neurogenesis assays. ( c ) Quantitative analyses revealed that NSCs (GFAP + /Nestin + /BrdU + ) remained unchanged in EGFL7 -/- mice (10.50 ± 3.51 versus 11.00 ± 1.41 cells per section in wild-type controls (WT); n = 4; p > 0.9999). ( d ) The number of type 2a (BrdU + /Mash1 + ) cells was increased (11.25 ± 1.71 versus 3.00 ± 0.82 in WT; n = 4; p = 0.0286). ( e ) Type 2b/type 3 (BrdU + /DCX + ) cells were decreased (7.00 ± 2.16 versus 14.75 ± 5.56 cells per section in WT; n = 4; p = 0.0286). ( f ) The amount of aNSCs/NPCs (BrdU + /Stmn1 + ) was strongly increased in the DG of EGFL7 -/- animals (18.25 ± 4.99 versus 5.25 ± 3.59 cells per section in WT; n = 4; p = 0.0286). ( g ) Last, more newborn neurons (BrdU + /NeuN + ) were formed in the DG of EGFL7 -/- mice (21.50 ± 4.12 versus 5.75 ± 4.35 cells per section in WT; n = 4; p = 0.0286). Statistical analysis was performed by Mann-Whitney U -test. Data are represented as mean ± SEM; * p < 0.05. Scale bars represent 60 µm.

    Journal: bioRxiv

    Article Title: Less is more - loss of EGFL7 improves memory by upregulation of VEGF-D

    doi: 10.1101/2022.04.07.487327

    Figure Lengend Snippet: ( a ) Markers used in immunofluorescence analyses (IF) to label specific cell types of neural stem cell (NSC) differentiation in the dentate gyrus (DG): GFAP/Nestin for NSCs (type 1), Stmn1 for activated aNSCs and neural precursor cells (NPCs, type 1, type 2), Mash1 for aNSCs/type 2a cells, DCX for type 2b/type 3 and immature neurons, NeuN for mature neurons and granule cells. ( b ) Experimental paradigms of applied neurogenesis assays. ( c ) Quantitative analyses revealed that NSCs (GFAP + /Nestin + /BrdU + ) remained unchanged in EGFL7 -/- mice (10.50 ± 3.51 versus 11.00 ± 1.41 cells per section in wild-type controls (WT); n = 4; p > 0.9999). ( d ) The number of type 2a (BrdU + /Mash1 + ) cells was increased (11.25 ± 1.71 versus 3.00 ± 0.82 in WT; n = 4; p = 0.0286). ( e ) Type 2b/type 3 (BrdU + /DCX + ) cells were decreased (7.00 ± 2.16 versus 14.75 ± 5.56 cells per section in WT; n = 4; p = 0.0286). ( f ) The amount of aNSCs/NPCs (BrdU + /Stmn1 + ) was strongly increased in the DG of EGFL7 -/- animals (18.25 ± 4.99 versus 5.25 ± 3.59 cells per section in WT; n = 4; p = 0.0286). ( g ) Last, more newborn neurons (BrdU + /NeuN + ) were formed in the DG of EGFL7 -/- mice (21.50 ± 4.12 versus 5.75 ± 4.35 cells per section in WT; n = 4; p = 0.0286). Statistical analysis was performed by Mann-Whitney U -test. Data are represented as mean ± SEM; * p < 0.05. Scale bars represent 60 µm.

    Article Snippet: As primary antibody a polyclonal rabbit anti-human EGFL7 antibody (1:50, ReliaTech GmbH) was applied.

    Techniques: Immunofluorescence, MANN-WHITNEY

    ( a ) Description of the EGFL7 fl/fl;Ascl1-CreERT2 mouse model allowing for a tamoxifen-inducible, type 2a cell-specific knock-out of EGFL7. ( b ) Experimental paradigms of applied neurogenesis assays. ( c ) The amount of aNSCs/NPCs (BrdU + /Mash1 + ) were found to be increased (5.25 ± 2.63 versus 1.00 ± 1.15 cells per section in EGFL7 fl/fl ; n = 4; p = 0.0286). ( d ) The number of type 2b/type 3 cells (BrdU + /DCX + ) was decreased in EGFL7 del;Ascl1-CreERT2 mice (8.50 ± 5.51 versus 18.75 ± 2.22 in EGFL7 fl/fl ; n = 4; p = 0.0286), ( e ) while quantification of BrdU + /Stmn1 + activated neural stem and precursor cells (aNSCs/NPCs) revealed a significant upregulation in EGFL7 del ;Ascl1-CreERT2 mice (20.25 ± 3.10 versus 8.00 ± 4.24 cells per section in EGFL7 fl/fl control; n = 4; p = 0.0286). ( f ) Futhermore, the amount of adult-born neurons (BrdU + /NeuN + ) was increased (18.25 ± 6.80 versus 5.50 ± 2.65 cells per section in EGFL7 fl/fl ; n = 4; p = 0.0286). Statistical analysis was performed by Mann-Whitney U -test. Data are represented as mean ± SEM; * p < 0.05; Scale bars represent 60 µm.

    Journal: bioRxiv

    Article Title: Less is more - loss of EGFL7 improves memory by upregulation of VEGF-D

    doi: 10.1101/2022.04.07.487327

    Figure Lengend Snippet: ( a ) Description of the EGFL7 fl/fl;Ascl1-CreERT2 mouse model allowing for a tamoxifen-inducible, type 2a cell-specific knock-out of EGFL7. ( b ) Experimental paradigms of applied neurogenesis assays. ( c ) The amount of aNSCs/NPCs (BrdU + /Mash1 + ) were found to be increased (5.25 ± 2.63 versus 1.00 ± 1.15 cells per section in EGFL7 fl/fl ; n = 4; p = 0.0286). ( d ) The number of type 2b/type 3 cells (BrdU + /DCX + ) was decreased in EGFL7 del;Ascl1-CreERT2 mice (8.50 ± 5.51 versus 18.75 ± 2.22 in EGFL7 fl/fl ; n = 4; p = 0.0286), ( e ) while quantification of BrdU + /Stmn1 + activated neural stem and precursor cells (aNSCs/NPCs) revealed a significant upregulation in EGFL7 del ;Ascl1-CreERT2 mice (20.25 ± 3.10 versus 8.00 ± 4.24 cells per section in EGFL7 fl/fl control; n = 4; p = 0.0286). ( f ) Futhermore, the amount of adult-born neurons (BrdU + /NeuN + ) was increased (18.25 ± 6.80 versus 5.50 ± 2.65 cells per section in EGFL7 fl/fl ; n = 4; p = 0.0286). Statistical analysis was performed by Mann-Whitney U -test. Data are represented as mean ± SEM; * p < 0.05; Scale bars represent 60 µm.

    Article Snippet: As primary antibody a polyclonal rabbit anti-human EGFL7 antibody (1:50, ReliaTech GmbH) was applied.

    Techniques: Knock-Out, Control, MANN-WHITNEY

    ( a ) Volcano and ( b ) MA plots of RNA-sequencing-based transcriptomics in neural stem and precursor cells confirmed EGFL7 knock-out and identified an upregulation of the cytokine VEGF-D (n = 4 for each genotype; two datasets). Volcano plots illustrate the Log2 difference (i.e., fold change) versus -logP of the t-test. MA plots display the LOG2 difference versus the mean expression level (LOG2 RPKM). The VENN diagrams show the agreement of experiment 1 and 2 and the combined analysis of regulated candidates, based on P value and fold change. ( c ) Upregulation of VEGF-D upon EGFL7 knock-out was confirmed by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (6.56 ± 2.85 versus 1.47 ± 0.61 in wild-type control (WT); n = 3; p = 0.039). ( d ) Expression of VEGF-D in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus was visualized by immunofluorescent staining using a VEGF-D-specific antibody. Statistical analysis was performed by Student’s t-test. Data are represented as mean ± SEM; * p < 0.05. Scale bars represent 90 µm or 45 µm (magnifications).

    Journal: bioRxiv

    Article Title: Less is more - loss of EGFL7 improves memory by upregulation of VEGF-D

    doi: 10.1101/2022.04.07.487327

    Figure Lengend Snippet: ( a ) Volcano and ( b ) MA plots of RNA-sequencing-based transcriptomics in neural stem and precursor cells confirmed EGFL7 knock-out and identified an upregulation of the cytokine VEGF-D (n = 4 for each genotype; two datasets). Volcano plots illustrate the Log2 difference (i.e., fold change) versus -logP of the t-test. MA plots display the LOG2 difference versus the mean expression level (LOG2 RPKM). The VENN diagrams show the agreement of experiment 1 and 2 and the combined analysis of regulated candidates, based on P value and fold change. ( c ) Upregulation of VEGF-D upon EGFL7 knock-out was confirmed by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (6.56 ± 2.85 versus 1.47 ± 0.61 in wild-type control (WT); n = 3; p = 0.039). ( d ) Expression of VEGF-D in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus was visualized by immunofluorescent staining using a VEGF-D-specific antibody. Statistical analysis was performed by Student’s t-test. Data are represented as mean ± SEM; * p < 0.05. Scale bars represent 90 µm or 45 µm (magnifications).

    Article Snippet: As primary antibody a polyclonal rabbit anti-human EGFL7 antibody (1:50, ReliaTech GmbH) was applied.

    Techniques: RNA Sequencing, Knock-Out, Expressing, Reverse Transcription, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Control, Staining

    ( a ) Representative pictures of analyzed spines of 10-week-old EGFL7 -/- and WT mice. ( b ) The analysis of DG spines of 10-week-old mice showed increased number of spines in EGFL7 -/- mice and ( c ) significantly more thin spines. ( d ) Representative pictures of analyzed spines of 20-week-old EGFL7 -/- and WT mice. ( e ) After 20 weeks the number of spines is unaffected. ( e) The numbers of thin, stubby and mushroom spines were also not affected. ( g ) The number of dendrites and their total length was found increased in EGFL7 -/- primary neuron cultures as detected by Map2 IF staining ( h ). ( i ) Timeline for analysis of neurogenesis in aged mice and quantification of BrdU + /NeuN + newborn neurons across different ages. Statistical analysis was performed by Mann–Whitney U -test. Data are represented as mean ± SD; * p < 0.05; n = 3. Scale bar represents 5 µm.

    Journal: bioRxiv

    Article Title: Less is more - loss of EGFL7 improves memory by upregulation of VEGF-D

    doi: 10.1101/2022.04.07.487327

    Figure Lengend Snippet: ( a ) Representative pictures of analyzed spines of 10-week-old EGFL7 -/- and WT mice. ( b ) The analysis of DG spines of 10-week-old mice showed increased number of spines in EGFL7 -/- mice and ( c ) significantly more thin spines. ( d ) Representative pictures of analyzed spines of 20-week-old EGFL7 -/- and WT mice. ( e ) After 20 weeks the number of spines is unaffected. ( e) The numbers of thin, stubby and mushroom spines were also not affected. ( g ) The number of dendrites and their total length was found increased in EGFL7 -/- primary neuron cultures as detected by Map2 IF staining ( h ). ( i ) Timeline for analysis of neurogenesis in aged mice and quantification of BrdU + /NeuN + newborn neurons across different ages. Statistical analysis was performed by Mann–Whitney U -test. Data are represented as mean ± SD; * p < 0.05; n = 3. Scale bar represents 5 µm.

    Article Snippet: As primary antibody a polyclonal rabbit anti-human EGFL7 antibody (1:50, ReliaTech GmbH) was applied.

    Techniques: Staining, MANN-WHITNEY

    ( a ) In the Morris water maze (MWM), the latency to reach the visible platform, the proportion of time spent in the platform quarter and the swimming velocity were similar in both genotypes. ( b ) Body weights were similar throughout experiments. Exemplary cohort is shown as mean ± SD. ( c ) EGFL7 -/- mice reached the hidden platform faster. Escape latency was reduced considering the full-time course (AUCs) and late trials. ( d ) The proportion of time spent in the platform quarter after its removal was increased. For MWM sample sizes were n = 19 for EGFL7 -/- mice and n = 33 for wild-type littermate controls (WT). Data were compared by paired (visible platform) and unpaired two-sided Student’s t-tests, or 2-way ANOVA for time courses. ( e ) In the IntelliCage, EGFL7 -/- mice maintained longer avoidance of a previously punished corner (air puff), as revealed by a reduced proportion of nosepoke errors (n = 16 per genotype). ( f ) During preference learning in active module times (11-13:00 and 16-18:00 h each day), EGFL7 -/- mice showed faster relearning to prefer a specified corner upon switching to the opposite side (reversal learning), indicated by a higher accuracy of nosepokes (n = 16 per genotype). Overall activity is shown in ( Supplementary Fig. 8_2 ). ( g,h ) During periods in which the learning modules were inactive (doors remain closed, “default-times”), EGFL7 -/- mice retained higher preference of rewarding corners and the proportion of “memorizers” was higher, the latter defined as 35% accuracy of corner visits (random = 25%). Time course data are represented as mean ± SEM, summarizing data as mean ± SD. The boxes show the interquartile range, the line is the median, and whiskers are plotted minimum to maximum. Scatters represent individual mice. Time courses were compared by 2-way ANOVA and subsequent posthoc t-tests to assess genotype differences at specific time points without multiplicity adjustment for between group comparisons, AUCs were compared with 2-sided unpaired t-tests; * p < 0.05.

    Journal: bioRxiv

    Article Title: Less is more - loss of EGFL7 improves memory by upregulation of VEGF-D

    doi: 10.1101/2022.04.07.487327

    Figure Lengend Snippet: ( a ) In the Morris water maze (MWM), the latency to reach the visible platform, the proportion of time spent in the platform quarter and the swimming velocity were similar in both genotypes. ( b ) Body weights were similar throughout experiments. Exemplary cohort is shown as mean ± SD. ( c ) EGFL7 -/- mice reached the hidden platform faster. Escape latency was reduced considering the full-time course (AUCs) and late trials. ( d ) The proportion of time spent in the platform quarter after its removal was increased. For MWM sample sizes were n = 19 for EGFL7 -/- mice and n = 33 for wild-type littermate controls (WT). Data were compared by paired (visible platform) and unpaired two-sided Student’s t-tests, or 2-way ANOVA for time courses. ( e ) In the IntelliCage, EGFL7 -/- mice maintained longer avoidance of a previously punished corner (air puff), as revealed by a reduced proportion of nosepoke errors (n = 16 per genotype). ( f ) During preference learning in active module times (11-13:00 and 16-18:00 h each day), EGFL7 -/- mice showed faster relearning to prefer a specified corner upon switching to the opposite side (reversal learning), indicated by a higher accuracy of nosepokes (n = 16 per genotype). Overall activity is shown in ( Supplementary Fig. 8_2 ). ( g,h ) During periods in which the learning modules were inactive (doors remain closed, “default-times”), EGFL7 -/- mice retained higher preference of rewarding corners and the proportion of “memorizers” was higher, the latter defined as 35% accuracy of corner visits (random = 25%). Time course data are represented as mean ± SEM, summarizing data as mean ± SD. The boxes show the interquartile range, the line is the median, and whiskers are plotted minimum to maximum. Scatters represent individual mice. Time courses were compared by 2-way ANOVA and subsequent posthoc t-tests to assess genotype differences at specific time points without multiplicity adjustment for between group comparisons, AUCs were compared with 2-sided unpaired t-tests; * p < 0.05.

    Article Snippet: As primary antibody a polyclonal rabbit anti-human EGFL7 antibody (1:50, ReliaTech GmbH) was applied.

    Techniques: Activity Assay

    Figure 3. EGFL7 protein is highly expressed in invasive GHPA tissue. (a) Representative western blots of EGFL7 and Notch2 in invasive and non-invasive GHPA. Blots were reprobed with anti-GAPGH antibody to ensure equal loading. (b) Quantitative analysis of western blots showed that EGFL7 and Notch2 expression was markedly higher in invasive GHPA than in non-invasive GHPA. (c) Mean H-scores°±°SD of EGFL7 staining of tissue microarrays. *p < 0.05 versus normal pituitary; **p < 0.001 versus normal pituitary; #p < 0.05 versus non-invasive pituitary adenoma. (d) Representative images of EGFL7 staining of a tissue microarray showing that cytoplasmic EGFL7 staining was significantly higher in invasive GHPA than in non-invasive GHPA and normal pituitary tissue. EGFL7- positive endothelial cells can be observed in immunostained slides (red arrows) (scale bar: 60 µm).

    Journal: Tumour biology : the journal of the International Society for Oncodevelopmental Biology and Medicine

    Article Title: EGFL7 participates in regulating biological behavior of growth hormone-secreting pituitary adenomas via Notch2/DLL3 signaling pathway.

    doi: 10.1177/1010428317706203

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 3. EGFL7 protein is highly expressed in invasive GHPA tissue. (a) Representative western blots of EGFL7 and Notch2 in invasive and non-invasive GHPA. Blots were reprobed with anti-GAPGH antibody to ensure equal loading. (b) Quantitative analysis of western blots showed that EGFL7 and Notch2 expression was markedly higher in invasive GHPA than in non-invasive GHPA. (c) Mean H-scores°±°SD of EGFL7 staining of tissue microarrays. *p < 0.05 versus normal pituitary; **p < 0.001 versus normal pituitary; #p < 0.05 versus non-invasive pituitary adenoma. (d) Representative images of EGFL7 staining of a tissue microarray showing that cytoplasmic EGFL7 staining was significantly higher in invasive GHPA than in non-invasive GHPA and normal pituitary tissue. EGFL7- positive endothelial cells can be observed in immunostained slides (red arrows) (scale bar: 60 µm).

    Article Snippet: Membranes were then blocked in Tris-buffered saline (TBS) buffer containing 5% degreased milk for 1 h at room temperature and incubated with primary antibody overnight at 4°C, rabbit polyclonal anti-EGFL7 antibody (1:500, H-90 sc-66874; Santa Cruz Biotechnology; 1:500, 19291-1-AP; Proteintech, Chicago, IL, USA), mouse monoclonal anti-EGFL7 antibody (1:2000, 2H2 sc-101349; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, California, USA), rabbit polyclonal anti-Notch1 (1:2000, ab27526; Abcam, Cambridge, USA), rabbit monoclonal anti-Notch1 (1:5000, ab194123; Abcam, Cambridge, USA), rabbit polyclonal anti-Notch2 (1:2000, ab8926; Abcam, Cambridge, USA), rabbit monoclonal anti-Notch4 (1:2000, ab184742; Abcam, Cambridge, USA), rabbit polyclonal anti-DLL3 (1:2000, ab10554; Abcam, Cambridge, USA), rabbit polyclonal antiDLL3 (1:2000, ab63707; Abcam, Cambridge, USA), rabbit polyclonal anti-DLL4 (1:2000, ab7280; Abcam, Cambridge, USA), and GAPDH (1:8000; Sigma, St Louis, MO, USA) followed by secondary antibodies tagged with horseradish peroxidase (Abcam, Cambridge, USA).

    Techniques: Western Blot, Expressing, Staining, Microarray

    Figure 4. Lentivirus-mediated knockdown of endogenous EGFL7 expression and differential expression of Notch pathway. (a) Representative western blots of downregulated EGFL7 expression by RNAi and differential expression of Notch pathway. (b) and (c) Quantitative analysis of western blots showed GH3 cells transfected with sh-C or sh-B downregulated EGFL7 expression more efficiently. Knockdown of EGFL7 induced low expression of Notch2/DLL3. However, there are no significant alteration in Notch1, 4 and DLL1, 4. *p < 0.05 versus control and non-silence shRNA. (d) qRT–PCR analysis demonstrated a significantly reduction in EGFL7 mRNA expression after transfected with sh-C and sh-B. *p < 0.05 versus control and non-silence shRNA.

    Journal: Tumour biology : the journal of the International Society for Oncodevelopmental Biology and Medicine

    Article Title: EGFL7 participates in regulating biological behavior of growth hormone-secreting pituitary adenomas via Notch2/DLL3 signaling pathway.

    doi: 10.1177/1010428317706203

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 4. Lentivirus-mediated knockdown of endogenous EGFL7 expression and differential expression of Notch pathway. (a) Representative western blots of downregulated EGFL7 expression by RNAi and differential expression of Notch pathway. (b) and (c) Quantitative analysis of western blots showed GH3 cells transfected with sh-C or sh-B downregulated EGFL7 expression more efficiently. Knockdown of EGFL7 induced low expression of Notch2/DLL3. However, there are no significant alteration in Notch1, 4 and DLL1, 4. *p < 0.05 versus control and non-silence shRNA. (d) qRT–PCR analysis demonstrated a significantly reduction in EGFL7 mRNA expression after transfected with sh-C and sh-B. *p < 0.05 versus control and non-silence shRNA.

    Article Snippet: Membranes were then blocked in Tris-buffered saline (TBS) buffer containing 5% degreased milk for 1 h at room temperature and incubated with primary antibody overnight at 4°C, rabbit polyclonal anti-EGFL7 antibody (1:500, H-90 sc-66874; Santa Cruz Biotechnology; 1:500, 19291-1-AP; Proteintech, Chicago, IL, USA), mouse monoclonal anti-EGFL7 antibody (1:2000, 2H2 sc-101349; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, California, USA), rabbit polyclonal anti-Notch1 (1:2000, ab27526; Abcam, Cambridge, USA), rabbit monoclonal anti-Notch1 (1:5000, ab194123; Abcam, Cambridge, USA), rabbit polyclonal anti-Notch2 (1:2000, ab8926; Abcam, Cambridge, USA), rabbit monoclonal anti-Notch4 (1:2000, ab184742; Abcam, Cambridge, USA), rabbit polyclonal anti-DLL3 (1:2000, ab10554; Abcam, Cambridge, USA), rabbit polyclonal antiDLL3 (1:2000, ab63707; Abcam, Cambridge, USA), rabbit polyclonal anti-DLL4 (1:2000, ab7280; Abcam, Cambridge, USA), and GAPDH (1:8000; Sigma, St Louis, MO, USA) followed by secondary antibodies tagged with horseradish peroxidase (Abcam, Cambridge, USA).

    Techniques: Knockdown, Expressing, Quantitative Proteomics, Western Blot, Transfection, Control, shRNA, Quantitative RT-PCR

    Figure 5. EGFL7 downregulation suppressed invasion and proliferation of GH3 cells. (a) Representative transwell invasion assays of GH3 cells were performed after knockdown of EGFL7. (b) Quantitative analysis indicated the invasion of GH3 cells decreased by about threefold with sh-C transfection and decreased twofold with sh-B transfectioncompared to transfected with non-silence shRNA. (c) MTT assay revealed that knockdown of EGFL7 suppresses GH3 cell proliferation rate.

    Journal: Tumour biology : the journal of the International Society for Oncodevelopmental Biology and Medicine

    Article Title: EGFL7 participates in regulating biological behavior of growth hormone-secreting pituitary adenomas via Notch2/DLL3 signaling pathway.

    doi: 10.1177/1010428317706203

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 5. EGFL7 downregulation suppressed invasion and proliferation of GH3 cells. (a) Representative transwell invasion assays of GH3 cells were performed after knockdown of EGFL7. (b) Quantitative analysis indicated the invasion of GH3 cells decreased by about threefold with sh-C transfection and decreased twofold with sh-B transfectioncompared to transfected with non-silence shRNA. (c) MTT assay revealed that knockdown of EGFL7 suppresses GH3 cell proliferation rate.

    Article Snippet: Membranes were then blocked in Tris-buffered saline (TBS) buffer containing 5% degreased milk for 1 h at room temperature and incubated with primary antibody overnight at 4°C, rabbit polyclonal anti-EGFL7 antibody (1:500, H-90 sc-66874; Santa Cruz Biotechnology; 1:500, 19291-1-AP; Proteintech, Chicago, IL, USA), mouse monoclonal anti-EGFL7 antibody (1:2000, 2H2 sc-101349; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, California, USA), rabbit polyclonal anti-Notch1 (1:2000, ab27526; Abcam, Cambridge, USA), rabbit monoclonal anti-Notch1 (1:5000, ab194123; Abcam, Cambridge, USA), rabbit polyclonal anti-Notch2 (1:2000, ab8926; Abcam, Cambridge, USA), rabbit monoclonal anti-Notch4 (1:2000, ab184742; Abcam, Cambridge, USA), rabbit polyclonal anti-DLL3 (1:2000, ab10554; Abcam, Cambridge, USA), rabbit polyclonal antiDLL3 (1:2000, ab63707; Abcam, Cambridge, USA), rabbit polyclonal anti-DLL4 (1:2000, ab7280; Abcam, Cambridge, USA), and GAPDH (1:8000; Sigma, St Louis, MO, USA) followed by secondary antibodies tagged with horseradish peroxidase (Abcam, Cambridge, USA).

    Techniques: Knockdown, Transfection, shRNA, MTT Assay

    mRNA expression levels of (A) EGFL7, (B) Bcl-2 and (C) Bax were measured using the 2 −ΔΔCq method. Values are presented as the means ± standard deviation (n=8). *P<0.05 vs. time-matched hyperoxia group; **P<0.01 vs. time-matched hyperoxia group. # P<0.01 vs. control group. EGFL7, epidermal growth factor-like domain 7; Bcl-2, B-cell lymphoma 2; Bax, bcl-2-like protein 4; BPD, bronchopulmonary dysplasia.

    Journal: Biomedical Reports

    Article Title: Erythropoietin attenuates hyperoxia-induced lung injury by upregulating epidermal growth factor-like domain 7 in newborn rats

    doi: 10.3892/br.2016.820

    Figure Lengend Snippet: mRNA expression levels of (A) EGFL7, (B) Bcl-2 and (C) Bax were measured using the 2 −ΔΔCq method. Values are presented as the means ± standard deviation (n=8). *P<0.05 vs. time-matched hyperoxia group; **P<0.01 vs. time-matched hyperoxia group. # P<0.01 vs. control group. EGFL7, epidermal growth factor-like domain 7; Bcl-2, B-cell lymphoma 2; Bax, bcl-2-like protein 4; BPD, bronchopulmonary dysplasia.

    Article Snippet: The membranes were subsequently incubated with primary rabbit polyclonal antibodies against EGFL7 (cat. no. 19291-1-AP; dilution, 1:500; ProteinTech Group, Inc., Chicago, IL, USA), Bax (cat. no. ab182733; dilution, 1:1,000; Epitomics; Abcam, Cambridge, USA), Bcl-2 (cat. no. BS1511; dilution, 1:500; Bioworld Technology, Inc., St. Louis Park, MN, USA) and β-actin (cat. no. BS1002; dilution, 1:2,000; Bioworld Technology, Inc.) overnight at 4°C.

    Techniques: Expressing, Standard Deviation, Control

    (A) Protein expression of EGFL7, Bcl-2 and Bax in lung tissue samples from each group was examined by western blot analysis. (B-D) Quantification of western blot analysis measured by the mean ratios of EGFL7/β-actin, Bcl-2/β-actin and Bax/β-actin. β-actin served to verify equivalent loading. Values are the means ± standard deviation (n=8). *P<0.05 and **P<0.01 vs. time-matched hyperoxia group; # P<0.01 vs. control group. EGFL7, epidermal growth factor-like domain 7; Bcl-2, B-cell lymphoma 2; Bax, bcl-2-like protein 4.

    Journal: Biomedical Reports

    Article Title: Erythropoietin attenuates hyperoxia-induced lung injury by upregulating epidermal growth factor-like domain 7 in newborn rats

    doi: 10.3892/br.2016.820

    Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Protein expression of EGFL7, Bcl-2 and Bax in lung tissue samples from each group was examined by western blot analysis. (B-D) Quantification of western blot analysis measured by the mean ratios of EGFL7/β-actin, Bcl-2/β-actin and Bax/β-actin. β-actin served to verify equivalent loading. Values are the means ± standard deviation (n=8). *P<0.05 and **P<0.01 vs. time-matched hyperoxia group; # P<0.01 vs. control group. EGFL7, epidermal growth factor-like domain 7; Bcl-2, B-cell lymphoma 2; Bax, bcl-2-like protein 4.

    Article Snippet: The membranes were subsequently incubated with primary rabbit polyclonal antibodies against EGFL7 (cat. no. 19291-1-AP; dilution, 1:500; ProteinTech Group, Inc., Chicago, IL, USA), Bax (cat. no. ab182733; dilution, 1:1,000; Epitomics; Abcam, Cambridge, USA), Bcl-2 (cat. no. BS1511; dilution, 1:500; Bioworld Technology, Inc., St. Louis Park, MN, USA) and β-actin (cat. no. BS1002; dilution, 1:2,000; Bioworld Technology, Inc.) overnight at 4°C.

    Techniques: Expressing, Western Blot, Standard Deviation, Control